Avoid oxidation
One of the fundamental requirements imposed on pipe welding is to avoid oxidation of the weld during the initial phase.
The welding torch provides inert gas coverage to the top of the fusion area, but the opposite area remains exposed to the air, unless the back shielding technique is applied.
The use of inert gases or reducing gas mixtures allows for achieving a clean and shiny weld bead, even on the side opposite the electric arc, ensuring its cleanliness.